On Sale

Definition:
"An inventor cannot obtain a valid patent if he or she waits for more than the one-year grace period to file a patent application after a product embodying the invention has been placed ""on sale."""

Coping

Definition:
In copyright law, "copying" denotes two separate but interrelated concepts. To constitute an infringement of copyright, a work must be a "copy" in the sense that it is substantially similar to a copyrighted work.

Patent

Definition:
In the United States, a grant by the federal government to an inventor of the right to exclude others from making, using, or selling the invention. There are three very different kinds of patents in the United States: a utility patent on the functional aspects of products and processes; a design patent on the ornamental design of useful objects; and a plant patent on a new variety of living plant. Patents do not protect "ideas," only structures and methods that apply technological concepts. In return for receiving the right to exclude others from a precisely defined scope of technology, industrial design, or plant variety, which is the gist of a patent, the inventor must fully disclose the details of the invention to the public.

Cancellation Proceeding

Definition:
A proceeding before the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board in which the plaintiff seeks to cancel an existing registration of a mark. The proceeding may only be filed after issuance of a registration. A petition for cancellation may be filed by any person who believes that he or she is or will be damaged by the registration of the mark.

License

Definition:
A permission to use an intellectual property right, under defined conditions -- as to time, context, market line, or territory. In intellectual property law, important distinctions exist between "exclusive licenses" and "nonexclusive licenses."

Unfair Competition

Definition:
Commercial conduct that the law views as unjust. A person injured by an act of unfair competition is entitled to relief in a civil action against the perpetrator of the act.

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